ACDS V10.0 - Sat Apr 27 06:40:53 CEST 2019
|  | Detailed Description of B/mk :
 Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-2016)
 |  | 
Note : this is the description file of the original catalog.
This HTML page corresponds well to the original description, but some minor
changes in the format may have been introduced in the FITS output
files in order to allow for arithmetic operations on quantities
such as coordinates and times. h:m:s and d:m:s units are normally
converted into degrees, and YYYY-MM-DD into julian days.
Similarly, some slight changes may have been introduced in the
units; the value given in the HTML files supersedes the value indicated in the ReadMe
file for this catalogue.
B/mk        Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications  (Skiff, 2009-2016)
================================================================================
General Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Version 2013-Jul)
     Skiff B.A.
    <Lowell Observatory (October 2014)>
    =2014yCat....1.2023S
================================================================================
ADC_Keywords: Spectral types ; MK spectral classification
Description:
    This file contains spectral classifications for stars collected from
    the literature, serving as a continuation of the compilations produced
    by the Jascheks, by Kennedy, and by Buscombe. The source of each
    spectral type is indicated by a standard 19-digit bibcode citation.
    These papers of course should be cited in publication, not this
    compilation.
    The stars are identified either by the name used in each publication
    or by a valid SIMBAD identifier. Some effort has been made to
    determine accurate (~1" or better) coordinates for equinox J2000 (and
    epoch 2000 if possible), and these serve as a secondary identifier. To
    the extent possible with current astrometric sources, the components
    of double stars and stars with composite spectra are shown as separate
    entries.
    Magnitudes are provided as an indication of brightness, but these data
    are not necessarily accurate, as they often derive from photographic
    photometry or rough estimates.
    The file includes only spectral types determined from spectra (viz.
    line and band strengths or ratios), omitting those determined from
    photometry (e.g. DDO, Vilnius) or inferred from broadband colors or
    spectral energy distributions.
    The classifications include MK types as well as types not strictly on
    the MK system (white dwarfs, Wolf-Rayet, etc), and in addition simple
    HD-style temperature types. Luminosity classes in the early Mount
    Wilson style (e.g. 'd' for dwarf, 'g' for giant) and other similar
    schemes have been converted to modern notation. Since a citation is
    provided for each entry, the source paper should be consulted for
    details about classification schemes, spectral dispersion, and
    instrumentation used.
    System-defining primary MK standard stars are included from the last
    lists by Morgan and Keenan, and are flagged by a + sign in column 83.
    The early-type standards comprise the 1973 "dagger standards"
    (1973ARA&A..11...29M) and stars from the Morgan, Abt, and Tapscott
    atlas (1978rmsa.book.....M). Standards from Table I of the Morgan &
    Abt 'MKA' paper (1972AJ.....77...35M) not appearing in the two later
    lists are added. Keenan made continual adjustments to the standards
    lists up to the time of his death. Thus the late-type standards
    comprise those marked as high-weight standards in the 1989 Perkins
    catalogue (1989ApJS...71..245K = III/150); the revised S-type
    standards in collaboration with Boeshaar (1980ApJS...43..379K); plus
    the carbon standards and class IIIb 'clump giants' in collaboration
    with Barnbaum (1996ApJS..105..419B and 1999ApJ...518..859K). In
    addition, I have made use of the final types by Keenan up to January
    2000 shown at the Ohio State Web site
    (http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/MKCool), accessed in autumn 2003.
    Though the present file contains all the stars in these lists, only
    those marked as standards are flagged as such. Garrison's list of MK
    'anchor points' might also be consulted in this regard
    (1994mpyp.conf....3G, and
    http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html).
    The catalogue includes for the first time results from many
    large-scale objective-prism spectral surveys done at Case, Stockholm,
    Crimea, Abastumani, and elsewhere. The stars in these surveys were
    usually identified only on charts or by other indirect means, and have
    been overlooked heretofore because of the difficulty in recovering the
    stars. More complete results from these separate publications,
    including notes and identifications, have been made available to the
    CDS, and are kept at the Lowell Observatory ftp area
    (ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/bas/starcats). Not all of these stars are
    present in SIMBAD.
    As a 'living catalogue', an attempt will be made to keep up with
    current literature, and to extend the indexing of citations back in
    time.
File Summary:
       FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
×                   80        .   This file
× ReadMe            80        .   This file
× mktypes.dat      141   888588   The catalog of MK Spectral Types (Version 2014-May)
× surveyed.txt      96      804   List of surveyed articles
See also:
  III/18  : Stellar Spectra classified in the MK system (Jaschek+, 1963)
  III/42  : Selected MK Spectral Types (Jaschek, 1978)
  III/78  : MK Classification Catalogue Extension (Kennedy, 1983)
Byte-by-byte Description of file:  mktypes.dat
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
   1- 19  A19   ---     Bibcode  Publication Source
  22- 48  A27   ---     Name     Star name as published or valid
                                      SIMBAD name (Lortet et al.)
  50- 51  I2    h       RAh      Right Ascension (J2000) hour
  53- 54  I2    min     RAm      Right Ascension (J2000) minute
  56- 60  F5.2  s       RAs      [0/60] Right Ascension (J2000) second
      62  A1    ---     DE-      Declination sign
  63- 64  I2    deg     DEd      Declination (J2000) degree
  66- 67  I2    arcmin  DEm      Declination (J2000) minute
  69- 72  F4.1  arcsec  DEs      [0/60] Declination (J2000) second
      74  A1    ---     rc       Source of coordinates (1)
  76- 80  F5.2  mag     Mag      ? Magnitude, see passband in n_Mag
  81- 82  A2    ---     n_Mag    Color passband of magnitude (2)
      83  A1    ---    n_SpType  [+] if spectral type is an MK standard
  84-109  A26   ---     SpType   spectral type (MK, HD, or other)
 111-141  A31   ---     Remarks  Comments (3)
Note (1): sources of astrometry are numbered as follows:
    A = USNO-A2.0  (1998USNO2.C......0M, Cat. I/252)
    B = Bordeaux meridian circle  (2001A&A...376..325R, Cat. I/272)
      + PM2000  (2006A&A...448.1235D, Cat. I/300)
    b = USNO-B1.0  (2003AJ....125..984M, Cat. I/284)
    c = AC2000  (1998AJ....115.1212U, Cat. I/275)
    C = Carlsberg CMC11  (1999yCat.1256.....C, Cat. I/256)
      + Carlsberg CMC12  (2002A&A...395..347E, Cat. I/282)
      + Carlsberg CMC14  (2005yCat.1304.....C, Cat. I/304)
      + Carlsberg CMC15  (2011yCat.1327.....C, Cat. I/327)
    D = DENIS  (1999A&A...349..236E, Cat. b/denis)
    E = Edinburgh SuperCOSMOS  (http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/sss/obj.html)
    F = USNO-Flagstaff transit circle  (1999AJ....118.2488S, Cat. I/263)
    G = GSC-ACT  (1999yCat.1255.....G, Cat. I/255)
    g = GSC-2.2  (2001yCat.1271.....S, Cat. I/271)
      + GSC-2.3  (2008AJ....136..735L, Cat. I/305)
    i = IRSF  (2007PASJ...59..615K, Cat. II/288)
    I = IPHAS DR2 (2014yCat.2321....0B, Cat. II/321)
    L = LSPM  (2005AJ....129.1483L, Cat. I/298)
    M = 2MASS second, all-sky, or 6x releases  (2006AJ....131.1163S,
        Cat. II/241, II/246, II/281)
    s = SkyView estimate (±2")
    S = Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR6,7,8,9 (2008ApJS..175..297A, Cat. II/282)
    T = all Hipparcos/Tycho-related catalogues, including in approximate
        order of preference:
      + Tycho-2    (2000A&A...357..367H, Cat. I/259)
      + TDSC       (2002A&A...384..180F, Cat. I/276)
      + TRC        (1998A&A...335L..65H and 1999A&AS..136..491K, Cat. I/250)
      + ACT        (1998AJ....115.2161U, Cat. I/246)
      + Hipparcos2 (2007A&A...474..653V, Cat. I/311)
      + Hipparcos  (1997HIP...C......0E, Cat. I/239/hip_main)
      + Tycho-1    (1997HIP...C......0E, Cat. I/239/tyc_main)
    U = UCAC1, UCAC2, UCAC4, or URAT1  (2000AJ....120.2131Z,
      Cat. I/268, I/289, I/322, I/329)
    u = UKIDSS DR6  (2007MNRAS.379.1599L, Cat. II/316)
      + UKIDSS DR7  (Cat. II/310)
      + UKIDSS DR8  (Cat. II/314)
      + UKIDSS DR9  (Cat. II/319)
    W = WISE  (Cutri et al 2011, Cat. II/311)
    Y = Yale SPM  (1998AJ....116.2556P, Cat. I/277)
    z = MCPS catalogue  (2002AJ....123..855Z, Cat. J/AJ/123/855)
    - = other  (copied from source paper, derived from x,y coordinates, etc.)
Note (2):  passbands are usually standard Johnson-Cousins BVRI, or
    photographic equivalents, near-infrared J and K, Sloan-Gunn g or z.
Note (3): comments are often greatly compressed; some common phrases are:
   brtr       = brighter
   close pair = nearly-equal pairs usually < 0".5 separation observed together
   comp       = companion or composite (clear from context)
   cpm pair   = common proper motion double star
   DIB        = diffuse interstellar band
   em         = emission
   f          = faint
   fntr       = fainter
   grp        = group
   gx         = galaxy
   ID         = identification
   interst    = interstellar
   lg pm      = large proper motion (usually > 0".15 per year)
   vlg pm     = very large proper motion (> 2" per year)
   lum        = luminosity (class)
   max        = maximum (brightness)
   met, mets  = metals, metallic lines
   min        = minimum (brightness)
   nr         = near
   opt pair   = 'optical' double star, i.e. not common proper motion
   pec        = peculiar
   prob       = probably
   sl         = slight, slightly
   spec var   = spectrum variable
   str        = strong
   uncer      = uncertain
   var        = variable
   wk         = weak
   Nrn        = northern
   Nmost      = northernmost (and similar)
   Ern        = eastern
   Srn        = southern
   Wrn        = western
   NErn       = northeastern
   NWrn       = northwestern
   SErn       = southeastern
   SWrn       = southwestern
Acknowledgements:
    I have received much help on various aspects of preparing this
    catalogue from Larry Wasserman (Lowell Obs), Gerard Jasniewicz (CDS),
    Francois Ochsenbein (CDS), Fabienne Woelfel (CDS), Pascal Dubois (CDS),
    Jack MacConnell (STScI), Harold Corwin (IPAC), Cameron Reed (Alma College),
    Brian Mason (USNO), Ernst Paunzen (Univ Wien), Thurburn Barker (PARI),
    Chris Corbally (Vatican Obs), Richard Gray (Appalachian State Univ),
    Mati Morel, Chris Watson (AAVSO), John Greaves, Wayne Osborn,
    Erik Anderson, Bill Buscombe, Billy Bidelman, Nancy Houk, as well
    as librarians Antoinette Beiser and Lauren Amundson (Lowell Obs),
    Brenda Corbin (USNO), and Suzanne Laloe (IAP-Paris), plus numerous
    authors whose work is compiled here.
History:
  * 19-May-2003: Prepared by Brian Skiff (Lowell Observatory) (58783 records)
  * 18-Jul-2003: Several errors corrected by the author (63865 records)
  * 31-May-2004: Updated and completed version (III/233A, 107968 records)
  * 06-Jun-2005: Updated and completed version (III/233B, 156824 records)
  * 23-Oct-2007: Updated (B/mk), now 272640 records
  * 07-Jan-2008: Updated (B/mk), now 283486 records
  * 19-Feb-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 333826 records
  * 14-Jul-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 347592 records
  * 05-Oct-2009: Updated (B/mk), now 361152 records
  * 22-Mar-2010: Updated (B/mk), now 423055 records
  * 28-Dec-2010: Updated (B/mk), now 433169 records
  * 14-Sep-2011: Updated (B/mk), now 452890 records
  * 21-Feb-2012: Updated (B/mk), now 534091 records
  * 17-Jul-2012: Updated (B/mk), now 557746 records
  * 13-Jan-2013: Updated (B/mk), now 604090 records
  * 06-May-2013: Updated (B/mk), now 636441 records
  * 03-Feb-2014: Updated (B/mk), now 657452 records
  * 04-May-2014: Updated (B/mk), now 682075 records
  * 21-Oct-2014: Updated (B/mk), now 716029 records
  * 15-Dec-2014: Updated (B/mk), now 716029 records
  * 23-Jun-2015: Updated (B/mk), now 760007 records
  * 02-feb-2016: Updated (B/mk), now 798203 records
  * 01-aug-2017: Updated (B/mk), now 861868 records
  * 18-dec-2018: Updated (B/mk)
================================================================================
(End)        Brian Skiff [Lowell Obs.], Francois Ochsenbein [CDS]    21-Oct-2014